Chemical properties of gold

It is extraordinarily ductile (degree of extension which takes place before failure of a material in tension). It is called a noble metal because it resists reacting with stuff. But it can be "convinced" to react, and it forms numerous compounds. Speaking of the halogens, the Group 17 elements, will react with gold and auric fluoride and auric chloride would be examples. it will form compounds in its +1 oxidation state with other ions, and it will also similarily form a number of compounds in the +3 oxidation state. It's oxidation states range from -1 to +5, with +1 and +3, Au(I) and Au(III), far and away the most commoni it  will dissolve in mercury, but creates an amalgam rather than react with it to create a compound. Aurum (gold) resists most acids, though aqua regia will attack gold, as will cyanide. In the unusual -1 state, gold will form compounds like CsAu.It will hook up with the most reactive of the Group 1 and Group 2 elements, the Alkali and Alkaline Earth elements. That's just the opposite of the Group 17 elements, the halogens (fluorine, chlorine, etcOne ounce can be drawn into 80 km (50 miles) of thin gold wire to make electrical contacts. There are also compounds (cluster compounds) where gold will form a compound that includes both the +1 and +3 oxidation states of the metal.
Chemical symbol for gold = Au
Atomic number = 79 (79 protons and electrons; 118 neutrons)
Number of naturally occurring isotopes = 1 (stable) (70 total possible)
Atomic radius = 0.1442 nm
Atomic mass = 196.96657 amu
Density = 19.3 g/cubic cm 
Specific gravity = 19.32 (Gold is one of the densest of all the chemical elements, compare to 7.87 for steel, 14.0 for mercury and 11.4 for lead.)
Melting point = 1064.43 ºC degrees
Boiling point (liquid to gaseous state) = 2807 °C
Crystal structure: FCC (cubic)
Thermal conductivity = 310 W m-1 K-1
Electrical resistivity = 0.022 micro-ohm m at 20°C
Youngs modulus = 79 GPa
Hardness = 2.5 (Mohs), 25 Hv (Vickers)
Tensile stress = 124 MPa

physical character of silver

Silver is one of the strongest oxidants, making it an essential catalyst for the chemical process industry.The photography industry is the biggest user of silver compounds. Silver forms the most light-sensitive salts, or halides, which are essential to developing high-quality photography. Silver has the highest electrical conductivity per unit volume of any metal, including copper, so it is used extensively in electronics. Specialized uses include switch and relay contacts for automobile controls and accessories, automotive window heating, and in electrodes for electrocardiograms.  With the highest level of thermal conductivity among metals and resistance to combustion and sparks, silver is a valuable material for a range of other industrial processes. The most common consumer application of silver is its use in jewelry. Pure silver, which would be too soft to be durable, is mixed with 5-20% copper in an alloy known as sterling silver.

The Manufacturing Process of silver

Silver was first obtained in sixteenth-century It involved mixing silver ore, salt, copper sulphide, and water. The resultant silver chloride was then picked up by adding mercury. In this process, ore was heated with rock salt, producing silver chloride, which was leached out with sodium hyposulfite. Today, there are several processes used to extract silver from ores. A method called the cyanide, or heap leach, process has gained acceptance within the mining industry because it is a low-cost way of processing lower-grade silver ores. However, the ores used in this method must have certain characteristics: the silver particles must be small; the silver must react with cyanide solutions; the silver ores must be relatively free of other mineral contaminants and/or foreign substances that might interfere with the cyanidation process; and the silver must be free from sulfide minerals.  The process developed into its present form during the late nineteenth century.

Gold prospecting

 A lot of people are into gold prospecting these days and they are not just your average gold digger too. Families and friends are making it a point to spend their vacation by hopping into  traveling to areas where gold presence is confirmed. Along with the benefits of getting a good workout as well as a fun family bonding time, gold prospecting can be rather lucrative especially when you do it in a small to medium scale with your dearest friends and family.
 This can be done by interviewing gold prospectors that you know of, or read up on useful articles online. If the Internet is a wee bit overwhelming on the information side, you can also visit your library for handy gold hunting books. Next, you will want to hunt for suitable gold prospecting tools.It is obvious to think that all gold pans are made of metal, but it is not always so.
. Besides the gold pan, you will also need a small shovel to scoop up sand and sediment, as well as a reliable snuffer bottle that will be used to extract the gold flakes or nuggets from the bottom of your gold pan. Once you have all these tools in place, you can then start your gold hunting adventure.

What are the real reasons behind the rise in gold prices?

Day by day gold prices is making a new record in the process of rising gold may reach to the borders of  1500 and $ 2000 so in the future. The real reasons behind this unprecedented rise in the price of gold n they are :-
1 – increasing deficit in balance of trade:
The increasing deficit in balance of trade to the United States and one of the reasons for the high price of gold, and this deficit is caused by increasing the proportion of imports to private consumption, including the volume of exports. When the ratio of the rise in imports by 1.4% and the percentage rise in exports, 0.4% becomes a deficit in the trade balance and thus increase the price of gold.
2 – low output:
The gold is very rare n the output of gold is low this way the  decline in production of some gold-producing countries to be another reason added to the reasons for the high prices of gold, the most important gold-producing countries are: South Africa and the United States, Canada, Australia, China and the Philippines. Thus causes a rise in gold prices.
3 – political and economic factors:
Political and economic factors play an important role in the rise in gold prices in global markets, as happened in the Asian markets.when gold prices rose by more than 25% compared to last year. Due to political reason country will not able to produce gold because every sector is depend on the political of the country .

4 – increase in demand:
the  reasons for the rise in gold prices to increase the size of global demand and shortages in supply of it, pushing gold prices to rise by much more than 50% of the previous price, and perhaps shows the correlation between high prices of crude oil and rise in gold prices during the last period, and can say that the increase in revenues oil countries heading towards the gold market, which led to higher gold prices. Gold is rare n the demand is high simply it cause the gold price high

Can gold and silver go down

Gold and silver refers to the money, Because of the monetary aspect gold and silver has so much value to go down. It’s like a industrial material
.. Because they are in growing demand as monetary stores of value as a direct result in the appropriately crumbling confidence in the U.S. dollar, pound  whose continued existence depends more on their ability to generate profit in some risk. Gold and silver investor are increasing day by day because of the profit from gold and silver.
Since the only component of the human condition that outdoes the drive to compete fiercely for the ability to survive is the ability to co-operate fiercely with the same outcome in mind, it is my hopeful deduction that war will be seconded to this cooperative unified global cooperation economy approach.
Its very difficult to go down the price of gold and silver because day by day the price of gold is rising and the investor too are increasing to have a profit from it. But its not that it will never fall down, it will fall down but when it will fall down its difficult to point out.

uses of gold in medicine

Gold  has been used in medicine since the ancient times. It  has been in use for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis for quite some time. It has been very effective in reducing stiffness as well as the pain.The use of gold for beauty treatments today is no longer a novel idea.Modern medical research has revealed that gold helps to stimulate re-growth of skin cells and fight the degradation of collagen.Gold is also found to have high resistance against bacteria, which makes it very effective in fighting common infections. It has also been helpful in the treatments of cancer.Other applications of gold in medicine include treatment for the following health conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, and HIV. Many diseases such as smallpox, measles and skin ulcers were treated and it is also used  in an eye surgery procedure to correct a condition, known as Lagophthalmos, where eyelids cannot be fully closed.Thus, it has a great importance in todays world and is very helful in every sector.